Die Rolle des Natrium-Calcium-Lithium-Transporters in der Pathophysiologie der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose

Die Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose ist eine progrediente neurodegenerative Erkrankung der Motoneurone (MN). Die resultierende muskuläre Atrophie führt u.a. zu Dysarthrie, Dysphagie, Bewegungsstörungen und respiratorische Insuffizienz. Die durchschnittliche Überlebenszeit nach Diagnosestellung beträgt 3-5 Jahre. Zu den pathogenetischen Faktoren der Erkrankung zählt die Calciumdysregulation mit mitochondrialer Calciumüberladung, die zur Apoptose führt. Die Ursache könnte eine gestörte Calciumelimination aus Mitochondrien sein, die in Neuronen durch den Natrium-Calcium-Lithium-Transporter (NCLX) gesteuert wird. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Rolle des NCLX in der Pathogenese der ALS zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden primäre MN Co-Kulturen (MN-Kultur) und NSC34-Zellen genutzt, die die ALS typische Mutation hSOD1G93A exprimierten. Die Messung der intrazellulären Calciumkonzentration unter Applikation von Forskolin als Aktivator des NCLX ergab eine unterschiedliche Reaktion zwischen hSOD1G93A MN und MN der gesunden Kontrollgruppe. Eine Applikation von Forskolin während einer Zellaktivierung führte zu keinen Unterschieden in der Veränderung der intrazellulären Calciumkonzentration. Die Inkubation von primären MN mit Forskolin, CGP37157 als NCLX-Inhibitor oder einer Kombination aus Kainat und jeweils einer der Substanzen konnte keine Verbesserung des Zellüberlebens unter basalen Bedingungen und Kainat-induzierter Exzitotoxizität nachweisen. Die immunhistochemische Analyse der NCLX-Lokalisation in MN zeigte ein NCLX-Signal in den Zellsomata und -Fortsätzen, was mit einer mitochondrialen Lokalisation vereinbar ist. Die Quantifizierung der NCLX-Expression ergab keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen hSOD1G93A MN im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Durch die Messung der NCLX-Expression mithilfe des Western Blot-Verfahrens in NSC34-Zellen wurde die Existenz von zwei Isoformen mit einer Proteinlänge von 60 kDa und 100 kDa nachgewiesen, wobei sich eine signifikant erniedrigte Expression beider NCLX-Isoformen im ALS-Modell zeigte. Eine Behandlung mit Forskolin oder CGP37157 konnte die NCLX-Expression der 60 kDa-Isoform signifikant erhöhen, während sich die 100 kDa-Isoform nur nach Forskolin-Behandlung verstärkte. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit implizieren eine Rolle des NCLX in der Pathogenese der ALS, die es in weiteren Studien genauer zu analysieren gilt

PREMILINARY RESEARCH ON ARSENIC POLLUTION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER IN TRA NANG GOLD EXPLOITATION REGION-LAM DONG PROVINCE AND CAO LANH TOWN-DONG THAP PROVINCE

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Quality of Accounting Information: Research Based on Listed Companies on Vietnam's Stock Exchange

Purpose: This research aims to evaluate the impact of corporate governance on the quality of accounting information in listed companies on the Vietnamese stock exchange.   Theoretical framework: Corporate governance focuses on the structure of ownership, the characteristics of director and supervisory boards. The quality of accounting information is evaluated under the perspectives of information users and information auditors.   Design/methodology/approach: This research analyzes primary and secondary data from 193 listed companies as of 2021 and uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods.   Findings: The results show that the factors affecting corporate governance that have a proportional impact on the quality of accounting information include: Government ownership, Supervisory Board ownership, major shareholders ownership, number of board members, professional qualifications of the association board of directors, and that have an inverse impact is the duality between the Board of directors and the managing directors, and that have no impact are the number of members in the supervisory Board and professional qualifications of the supervisory board.   Research, Practical & Social implications: From the research results, the authors propose recommendations to improve the quality of accounting information through corporate governance.   Originality/value: The value of the study is pointing out the impact of corporate governance on the quality of accounting information in listed companies on the Vietnamese stock exchange meaningful in creating trust among users to attract investment domestically and internationally

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air particulate matter in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Factors affecting the adoption of climate-smart aquaculture (CSAq) in the North Central Coast of Vietnam

Climate-smart aquaculture (CSAq) is considered an appropriate and effective adaptation approach for the coastal aquaculture sector under the climate change phenomenon. This study, applying probit model, aims to assess the influence of several factors on the farmers’ decision to apply CSAq practices in extensive coastal shrimp farming. Data were collected from interviews with 200 households who have both already applied and have yet to apply CSAq practices in five coastal districts of Thanh Hoa Province. The results showed six key factors that influenced the decision of the farmers to apply CSAq practices: availability of household labor; access to information on CSAq practices; market price of products applying CSAq practices; economic efficiency; ability to ensure food security; and improved pond environment when applying CSAq practices. These factors explained 69.41% of their decision to apply CSAq, among which economic efficiency had the greatest impact (30.2%). Market prices and access to information about CSAq are also important factors with respective levels of influence at 16.0% and 14.9%. The result implies that strengthening access to CSAq information and improving technical understanding of CSAq practices are important solutions to upscale CSAq in the North Central Coast of Vietnam

High-Level Modeling and Simulation of a Novel Reconfigurable Network-on-Chip Router

In this paper, we present a novel router architecture for implementing a Reconfigurable Network-on-Chip (RNoC) at high-level design using SystemC. The RNoC is an adaptive NoC-based system-on-chip providing a dynamic reconfigurable communication mechanism. By adding a virtual port – named Routing Modification port – into the conventional router architecture, the network router is able to route communication data flexibly whenever the target routing path is blocked, by unwanted defects or intently by a software programme to meet the requirements of applications. The proposed architecture has been modeled in SystemC/C++, simulated and verified within a 2D mesh 5×5 network platform. In normal communication mode, the static XY routing algorithm is used while the West-First algorithm with a proposed prohibited router surrounding technique is applied in reconfiguration mode. Experimental results are also reported to compare the performance of the network architecture in different operation modes as well as with other works